To address this issue, we assessed the status of S6K1 Thr389 phosphorylation (p-T389-S6K1), an indicator of mTORC1 activity, in lung adenocarcinoma specimens from patients with EGFR mutations who were treated only with erlotinib (first-generation EGFR-TKI) or afatinib (second-generation EGFR-TKI) as neoadjuvant therapy (Supplementary information, Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung adenocarcinoma.