As displayed in Fig. 2D, NDUFS8 protein, represented by green fluorescence, exhibited a clear co-localization with the mitochondrial marker MitoTracker (visualized in red fluorescence [41, 47]) in both the NSCLC tumor section (“T1”) and the corresponding adjacent normal lung epithelial section (“N1”) from a representative patient, identified as “Patient-1#.” Notably, the green fluorescence intensity of NDUFS8 in NSCLC tumor slides was substantially higher than that observed in adjacent lung epithelial tissues (Fig. 2D). This evidence concerns the gene NDUFS8 and neoplasm.