NFE2L2 and acute kidney injury: Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a severe complication among critically ill patients with sepsis, with over 60% of sepsis or septic shock patients developing S-AKI.[78] Its mechanism involves microcirculatory disturbances, inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to renal tubular epithelial cells.[79,80] Research indicates that acute kidney injury induced by septic shock in rats is regulated through the PI3K/Nrf2 pathway.