IFNG and coinfection: Meanwhile, patients with acute TB and COVID-19 manifested lower CD4 polyfunctional capacity, and IFN-γ response to a SARS-Cov-2 spike protein antigen.[23] However, poorer outcomes of co-infection may have also been attributable to higher prevalence of risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality (low socioeconomic status, diabetes, renal disease etc.)among TB patients.[24]