NFKB1 and cystic fibrosis: Since, EV mediated miRNAs have been increasingly recognized for their role in the progression of various pathological conditions by mediating pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β, and Notch signaling, highlighting their role in oxidative stress, disease progression, and immune activation [80, 81], we hypothesize that altered EV-associated miRNAs may similarly influence redox pathways in CF, potentially exacerbating oxidative damage and inflammation.