GDF2 and colonic neoplasm: Furthermore, (21) a quinolone alkaloid exhibited prominent anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects in HCT-116 cells (colon cancer), mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) upregulation, which can activate p53 through upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF 1α) [70].