CD274 and cancer: Antibody therapies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have become vital strategies in cancer immunotherapy, and by blocking the PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction, T cell activation and function are restored, strengthening the immune system’s attack on tumors for an antitumor effect (Sun, Mezzadra & Schumacher, 2018; Wang, Dougan & Dougan, 2023).