TP53 and breast cancer: Super-short chain (C2) Cer significantly inhibits the growth and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells by down-regulating mutant p53 expression and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bad expression, while C2-Cer-induced dominant senes-like phenotype of Rb causes human breast cancer, MCF-7 (wild-type p53) to escape p53-dependent cell death.51