TNF and Parkinson disease: In this sense, it has been reported that the activation of microglia cells M1 potentiates the death of dopaminergic cells in the population with PD [18], through an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); also, an increase in the release of ROS [19] and nitric oxide in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with PD [20].