In contrast, in late-stage tumors and metastatic sites, chronic inflammation caused by persistent tumor antigen immune responses leads to significant infiltration of regulatory B cells (Bregs), which promote immune tolerance and tumor escape by secreting regulatory factors such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), affecting tumor development and treatment [48, 51]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.