CKD, Chronic kidney disease; HCM, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; DCM, Dilated cardiomyopathy; RCM, Restrictive cardiomyopathy; ARVC, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; LVH, Left ventricular hypertrophy; EF, Ejection fraction; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ICD, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT, Cardiac resynchronization therapy; PKR, Pakistani rupees. Here, ACE is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy.