Moreover, probiotics also help attenuate neuroinflammation by regulating cytokine production and reducing proinflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), which are increased in “patients suffering from depression and anxiety.” This is also a key mechanism in strengthening gut barrier integrity, preventing systemic inflammation, and immune activation in the setting of increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), which is often associated with psychiatric disorders. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is major depressive disorder.