TGFB1 and chronic kidney disease: In a mouse CKD model induced by UUO, HO-1 deletion upregulated TGF-β1 expression, exacerbating renal fibrosis, with ferroptosis inhibitor, preventing renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1-Smad signaling, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response (Han et al., 2024).