In addition, CAR is an important component of the orchestration of lipid, bile acid and glucose metabolism: hence, CAR activation may be important to understand and assess the possible role of phthalates in the predisposition to disorders included in the metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and chronic liver diseases: in particular, the altered lipid metabolism can exacerbate the NAFLD. Here, CXADR is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.