Moreover, a significant association between PALS and NT‐proBNP in acute and chronic HF has been proved in a recent study by our group, in which we showed that PALS was a significant predictor of NT‐proBNP raise and an independent prognostic index for all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization in patients with acute and chronic HF.8 This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and hydrops fetalis.