We therefore treated three types of CD90-negative epithelial hepatoma cells with purified TGFb1 protein, JUNB expression significantly increased in a TGFb1 concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 7A, B), and the conversion rate to CD90-positive cells increased to 1.7% in Huh1, 2.75% in Huh7, and 2.79% in patient HCC (Fig. S5A–C). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.