In conclusion, this study reveals that miR-4524a-5p/TBP promotes β-TrCP/TIM3 complex activation in macrophages and aggravates chronic NASH fibrosis, providing miR-4524a-5p as an effective blood biomarker for a subtype of chronic NASH patients with fibrosis suitable for anti-TIM3 treatment. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.