We observed a marked upregulation of SPHK1 expression in M2Φ, PMNs, but also in FT190 epithelial cells, accompanied by an increase in SPHK enzymatic activity, at both early (2 h, PMN) and late (24 h, M2Φ) infection time points (Fig. 3). The gene discussed is SPHK1; the disease is infection.