PGAM1 and cancer: Furthermore, key glycolytic enzymes and substrates, including hexokinase 2 (HK2) (184), phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) (185), glucose transporters (GLUTs) (186), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (187), are upregulated in various drug-resistant cancer cells, further supporting the critical role of glycolysis in chemoresistance.