Of note, vCAFs are located in the tumor core and microvascular area and promote tumor cell stemness and growth through secretion of IL-6 which induces significant epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, particularly upregulating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) (27), suggesting that there is an intense interaction between vCAF and ICC tumor cells, and the anti-IL6 pathway is a potential treatment for ICC. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.