TGFB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: This was also verified in an in vivo experiment by Afarin et al., who found that by injecting LPS-stimulated ADSCs into injecting LPS-stimulated ADSCs into a MASLD rat model, it was found that they not only effectively corrected liver enzyme levels (such as ALT and AST), it not only significantly decreased the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and inflammation-related genes but also lowered the levels of ROS, demonstrating the potential of ADSCs in the treatment of MASLD (50).