SLC16A1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Here, pyruvate, as an electron acceptor, is transported into pancreatic cancer cells via monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and converted to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which can restore the redox imbalance caused by GOT2 deficiency and reverse the GOT1 pathway to synthesize Asp.