In line with these findings, we observed elevated levels of both IL-13 and IL-5 in the serum of patients with PCa, as well as other ILC2-prototypic type 2 cytokines, such as IL-9 and IL-4, as compared with HDs, while no significant differences were observed for IFN-γ and TNF-α (Fig. 4G; Supplementary Fig. 4B, C). Here, IL4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.