NFKB1 and colorectal carcinoma: 5-FU is the first-line chemotherapeutic for treating CRC, and the mucosal immune damage increases the possibility of secondary pulmonary infection in the host.624 Curcumin can also protect intestinal mucosa via IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.625 Quercetin and its nano-emulsion formulation were also reported to inhibit 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis by suppressing the formation of ROS, downregulating the expression of NF-κB and hypoxia-induced factor-1α.626