Moreover, when macrophages were activated with Pg.LPS/IFN-γ, intracellular TUFM decreased significantly (Fig. S2a), while using DMF reversed the decrease in TUFM level (Fig. S7a, b), implying that the decreased TUFM level may be a mechanism for periodontitis pathogenesis. The gene discussed is TUFM; the disease is periodontitis.