ATM and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Since adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation plays important role in contributing to insulin resistance and obesity (Xu et al., 2003; Lumeng et al., 2007), we investigate whether STF treatment impacts ATM accumulation in DIO mice as IRE1α activity was observed to be heightened in obese macrophages (Shan et al., 2017).