Top 30 KEGG pathways were presented in Fig. 5B. The cancer-related KEGG pathways included ‘Pathways in cancer’, ‘Lipid and atherosclerosis’, ‘Prostate cancer’, ‘PI3K-AKT signaling pathway’, ‘Pancreatic cancer’, ‘Colorectal cancer’, ‘JAK-STAT signaling pathway’, ‘Proteoglycans in cancer’, ‘ErbB signaling pathway’, etc. Together, the results of both GO and KEGG analyses collectively suggest that CuD has the potential to exhibit anti-CRC activity from a genetic perspective, possibly through multiple synergistic mechanisms. Here, EGFR is linked to colorectal cancer.