At the molecular level, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) serving as a key activator through both the canonical (SMAD-dependent) and non-canonical (non-SMAD) pathways. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis.