We found that the frequency of total T lymphocytes, as well as that of nine specific populations of T lymphocytes, changed after 6 weeks of treatment with infliximab or adalimumab in children with IBD (CM CD4, EM CD4, Th1, Th17, Th9, RTE Tregs, and Th1/Th17 increased and naïve CD4 and Th0 decreased). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.