The apparent duality between increased activating KIRs (e.g., KIR2DS1, KIR2DS4) and decreased inhibitory KIRs (e.g., KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR3DL1) in AIH reflects the underlying complexity of immune dysregulation in this disease. The gene discussed is KIR2DL3; the disease is autoimmune hepatitis.