MMP9 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: All 12 genes (Siglec-5, DYSF, MGAM, MMP9, FCAR, S100A12, FPR2, CXCR1, KCNJ15, VNN3, CYP4F3, and CXCR2) show statistically significant upregulation in BPD samples compared to controls (Figure 3B, p < 0.001).