Trials comparing abatacept (targeting the human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) and adalimumab (TNF inhibitor) in RA patients demonstrated that both therapies improved high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality; however, adalimumab had a stronger effect on increasing paraoxonase-1 activity and reducing HDL-associated inflammatory markers [60]. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.