S100B and glioma: In the context of gliomas, S100B can stimulate the phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and PI3K/RhoA pathways by interacting with Rous sarcoma virus-related tyrosine-protein kinase src (Src kinase), which is involved in the activation of astrocytes [52].