In addition, some neuroprotective components such as phytoestrogens [32], foods rich in biologically active phytochemicals such as pheophytin α (PP) and chlorophyll a (CP) [33], and the plant biosynthesized open-chain flavonoid chalcone [34] act as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting the activation of signaling pathways, such as IRF1, STAT1, and IFN-β, and the release of related pro-inflammatory factors (Figure 1a; Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene IRF1 and neurodegenerative disease.