EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Since the discovery of EGFR mutations, it has significantly improved DFS in stage IB-IIIA EGFR-mutant NSCLC by targeting key mutations and reducing CNS recurrence [35], while analysis of other mutations (ALK, HER2, BRAF, NUTM1, IGF, KRAS) further optimizes treatment strategies [36,37,38,39].