In addition, Dioscin, a steroidal saponin extracted from the roots of Chrysanthemum pastorale, simultaneously inhibits M1 macrophage polarization by modulating the mTORC1/HIF-1α-dependent glycolytic pathway and promotes M2 macrophage polarization by regulating the mTORC2/PPAR-γ-dependent FAO process, which ultimately ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice [174]. Here, HIF1A is linked to colitis.