Among the endothelial biomarkers tested, sTM—a cleavage product from the vascular endothelium, where it serves as a major component of the endogenous anticoagulation system28—showed the highest odds of day 3 SA ARD, aligning with findings from previous literature.25,29–31 Pending validation, our risk predictive model may help to enrich patients in future clinical trials of therapies targeting endothelial dysfunction such as recombinant human sTM.31 Another intriguing finding in our study is the protective association between VCAM-1 and day 3 SA ARD outcomes. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.