Since the previous studies have already demonstrated that hBMSCs and hiMSCs release EVs with similar immunomodulatory properties in vitro, tested in a multi-donor mixed lymphocyte reaction (mdMLR) assay (Ramos et al., 2022), we wanted to further analyse the biological activity of the EVs and iEVs on osteoarthritic chondrocytes using an IL-1α-induced in vitro osteoarthritis model (Palamà et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and osteoarthritis.