TGFB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: ,63 However, in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model, decreased miR-140 expression in mammary adipose tissue activates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, leading to myofibroblast differentiation and ECM synthesis, ultimately causing adipose tissue fibrosis,58 as shown in Table 1 and Figure 3.