MTOR and heart failure: The accumulation of BCAAs (especially when their oxidation is compromised) is currently recognized as one of the hallmarks of heart failure (Li et al., 2019; Uddin et al., 2019), since as discovered, elevated myocardial BCAA level (as a consequence of impaired oxidative metabolism) trigger mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase activation, leading to adverse heart remodeling and a decrease in myocardial contractility (Shao et al., 2018; Karwi et al., 2019; Karwi and Lopaschuk, 2023).