In contrast, H&E, Ki67 and TUNEL staining of tumour tissues unravelled that IR700@Nb289‐OMVs plus NIR treatment significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation, and induced cell necrosis and apoptosis compared with the other treatments, including Nb289‐OMVs and IR700@Nb289‐OMVs alone (Figure 3K–M), both of which similarly suppressed Ki67 expression and promoted apoptosis, in line with the data from tumour growth curves and tumour weight (Figure 3H, I). Here, MKI67 is linked to neoplasm.