Alongside AAT, several known markers of AATD liver pathology were highly enriched in aggregate-positive cells, such as a 1.6-fold increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone HSPA5 and a 2.9-fold increased ER–Golgi cargo receptor LMAN1 (Fig. 1d)21–23. Here, SERPINA1 is linked to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.