P. frutescens extract (containing caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin) from the whole plant markedly inhibits key inflammatory transcriptional regulators, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), thereby mitigating colitis symptoms in mice [49]. Here, STAT3 is linked to colitis.