NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: Research indicates that 73 cognitively impaired patients had increased levels of proinflammatory Escherichia coli/Shigella, decreased levels of anti-inflammatory rectal Escherichia coli in feces and peripheral blood, and decreased abundance of inflammatory complexes (NLRP3), chemokine 2 (CXCL2), and peripheral blood interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression, suggesting that gut microbiota may drive peripheral inflammation to induce cerebral amyloidosis, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in AD [57].