VWF and Nephropathy: The pathogenesis of TTP mainly involves factors such as lack of activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) lyase (ADAMTS13), abnormal release of vascular endothelial cell vWF, abnormal activation of complement, and abnormal activation of platelets, leading to microvascular thrombosis, microvascular hemolysis, and subsequent organ ischemia, hypoxia, and dysfunction, resulting in clinical symptoms of TTP pentad syndrome, namely thrombocytopenic purpura, microvascular hemolysis, central nervous system symptoms, fever, and kidney damage.