Finally, studies have shown that ROCK inhibitors, by suppressing NF-κB activation and therefore reducing the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in various pathological conditions, including acute lung injury and rheumatoid arthritis (Tasaka et al., 2005; He et al., 2008). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.