TBK1 and viral infectious disease: Upon viral infection, PRRs recruit adapters such as the TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), and stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING) to facilitate the assembly of TRAF3–TBK1–IRF3 complex to induce type I and type III interferons (IFNs) expression [9].