TNF and hemophagocytic syndrome: This inflammatory disruption is also evident in pathological conditions such as aGVHD, where overactivation of T cells and dysregulated cytokine production cause severe damage to the bone marrow niche, resulting in significant bone marrow suppression.229–231 Similarly, in HLH, activated macrophages driven by TNF and IFN-γ promote the phagocytosis of hematopoietic cells, further contributing to bone marrow failure.232