NLRP3 and viral pneumonia: In the context of viral myocarditis, CVB3 infection has been shown to trigger inflammasome activation both in vivo and in vitro.117,118 Similarly, in viral pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in the hyperinflammatory immune responses.119,120 Furthermore, in the case of COVID-19, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome not only contributes to severe respiratory complications but also leads to the development of neurological syndromes.121