TGFB1 and newborn respiratory distress syndrome: It has been reported that pro-inflammatory TGFβ1 cytokine levels are increased in the lungs of babies with neonatal hyaline membrane disease and neonatal BPD [11] and that the expression and protein levels of proinflammatory TGFβ1 increase in the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF), lung tissue in acute lung injury (ALI) and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis [12,13].