SMAD3 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: While miR-1258 expression and SOD activities were decreased, TGFβ1 expression, p-SMAD3 protein levels, histological changes indicating ALI, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA level, PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1 (Pknox1) gene expression and protein levels were increased in septic ALI patients, in LPS-induced Immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS)-2B cells and LPS induced mice, miR-1258 expression treatment inhibit inflammation and OS in ALI through the TGFβ1/SMAD3 cascade regulated by Pknox1 [10].