In the rat study investigating the effects of Ole on pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal bleomycin, TNF-α, IL-13, TGFβ1, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDFG), lung collagen index and MDA increased significantly in BALF, but Ole prevented pulmonary fibrosis by reversing these effects [21]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.