GLP1R and diabetes mellitus: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and its analogs were shown to exert cardiovascular protective effects (24) and pro-angiogenic effects (25, 26) in diabetes, which cannot be solely attributed to the improved metabolic control of diabetes, but also recognized to be associated with a glucose-independent mechanism, which contributes to the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction (27).